Introduction
Cocaine is a stimulant, there is a strong unit,
which operates directly on the brain. Cocaine is produced from
the leaves and Erythroxylon Kok, which has spread in South
America, Western India and Indonesia. Cocaine is one of the
most common drug, and most people who use cocaine as users of
other drugs. The product could create a sense of euphoria,
hyperactivity and mental alertness. You can very quickly lead
to physical and mental persistent problem.
Neuro-stimulating properties of coca leaves is a suspect is
essential for the development of the Inca people. Soon, they
find the attackers quickly euphoric effects of Coca plant, and
the Europeans, who also developed the idea of establishing and
promoting effects.
History
The plant has been used for medical purposes,
as the 15-century Europe. In the 18 century, a concentrated
form of cocaine is, and soon discovered that the plant extracts
for medical benefits. Drugs are often used as a local
anesthetic and topical, as well as their mental stimulant
properties are also used to treat depression. The use of
cocaine, tonics and elixirs, and is expanding to add to
Coca-Cola.
But when it soon became clear that the drug and has a profound
impact on the psyche of the person. Since cocaine is a strong
adverse reactions in the early 20 th century, pure food and
drug law was introduced, requiring all the cocaine is the main,
all the drugs. However, this does not limit the cocaine and
cocaine to the size of the epidemic. In 1914, the Law on drug
control was put in Harrison and banned the open sale of cocaine
and cocaine products, labeled as a drug.
Harrison Drug Act is to reduce the consumption of cocaine, and
over the next 50 years, cocaine has become the number one
illicit drug in North America. When the 70's and 80's, a new
formulation of cocaine in the cheap, and became the drug of
choice among young people and socially disadvantaged. Not later
than mid-1980, emergency measures in the room was once again,
people with problems related to cocaine. The doctor said that
cocaine abuse.
Today, cocaine, drugs are classified as Schedule II - has
enormous potential for abuse, and can not perform the use of
drugs. Today, cocaine use is limited to local anesthesia, and
upper respiratory tract and eyes, and vasoconstrictor
properties of cocaine are desirable in these procedures. But
this is not in the majority of hospitals in North America, a
better and safer because the ingredients are available.
The potential for drug addicts
Cocaine addiction is a psycho-stimulant effects
of euphoria. Properties of cocaine is the stimulation of brain
dopamine D2 receptors. Dopamine available in the bonus system,
the brain and is involved in the explosion, which is typical
for cocaine. Dependence on the patient depends on many factors,
including genetics, social and environmental factors, existing
medical and psychological.
There are two types of powder cocaine and "freebase". The
powder is easily soluble in water, although it is a mixture of
freebase, which was nivelirovana acid. Freebase usually smoked
or nuuskasi.
Warning signs of cocaine use is a change in behavior,
isolation, personal negligence, loss of interest in school,
family, friends, and often in need of money. The physical
examination in May to show red eyes, runny nose, frequent
inhalation, changes in diet and sleep habits change, and
Friends
Cocaine is artificially high, which gives the user a feeling of
unlimited power and energy. When visitors are generally
depressed, nervous and needs more. It is impossible to predict
who will become addicted, and when death occurs.
The use of spectrum
In the United States since 2005, according to
the National Office for Drug Control, more than 3 million
people in the United States, is considered a long-term cocaine.
Cocaine abuse is widely used and have become a major public
health problem in North America. These data indicate that the
use of cocaine in the world, nearly 13 million people,
accounting for 0.23% of the population of the globe. Cocaine
also increased in many Latin American countries, including
countries that are major producers of cocaine.
All races and both sexes are known cocaine. Older people 18-30
are used more frequently. Men not only the largest consumer,
but also responsible for the majority of overdose and toxicity
of cocaine.
Roads reception
Cocaine can be inhaled (smell), or inhale the
smoke. Each method, the use of cocaine continues to be
potentially lethal substances. Most people say that the
psychotic features of dependence faster and more pronounced
after the smoking of cocaine, compared with other methods.
"High", created by smoking, the rapid but short-lived, but the
unit is the same for all channels. As with any drug carries the
risk of transmission of HIV / AIDS. This is much more concerned
that the needles for injections and other products are
distributed.
Pot cocaine swallowed cocaine wrapped in condoms. The body is
often added to the packages of cocaine hidden in the rectum,
vagina or mouth. These people are usually not an explosion, as
well as packages of cocaine poisoning occurs.
Street cocaine is often unintentionally / intentionally
contaminated during preparation dilute cocaine, and increase
profits. Usually referred to as adulterants cocaine can include
local anesthetics, phenytoin, sugars, amphetamines,
phencyclidine, fenilpropanolamin, quinine, talc, among
others.
Morbidity and Mortality
Information on Red Alert addiction (Dawn), indicate that there
are about 4-5000 of cocaine in the United States each year.
Cocaine-related deaths rare, and not always, therefore, that
many cases of poisoning. Lethal dose of cocaine is still
unknown. Victims are often several jäisiä and are still
unknown. At times, the massive impact of the cocaine produced
in the body and causes rapid death packers.
The vast majority of users of cocaine serious health risks in
the long run. All of these complications are seizures,
arrhythmias, heart attack, stroke, blindness, kidney and liver
failure, pulmonary fibrosis and congestive heart failure.
Symptoms
Cocaine is the physiological and psychological
side effects. The negative effects of cocaine almost
immediately after the single dose, and disappear within minutes
or hours. Cocaine can cause intense vasospasm of blood vessels,
expanded pupils, increased heart rate and blood pressure, but
you can also create a feverish response.
Psychological effects include euphoria, reduction of fatigue,
hyperactivity, and extreme mental clarity. Terms of vision,
sound and communications are more developed. In the euphoria of
cocaine, we need food, sleep and personal hygiene is very far
away. The vast majority of people, show that the cocaine in a
simple task quickly, while others experience confusion and
unable to perform all tasks
The fastest and cocaine is absorbed, more intense is the
"principle", but the expiry date is missing. The recent
euphoria odor May 15-30 minutes, while consumption will hold in
May last 5-10 minutes. Increased use can reduce the duration of
stimulation in connection with the development of tolerance.
Large doses of cocaine and / or long-term use can lead to
paranoid aggression, tremor, dizziness, muscle twitches,
extreme agitation and hallucinations audio landscape.
When addicts stop cocaine, often depression. May more of
cocaine reduce depression. Exposure to cocaine, are known to
cause ulcers and nasal mucosa, and even pierce the nasal
partition. Cocaine deaths, often as a result of a heart attack
or seizures followed by respiratory system.
When cocaine and alcohol consumed and the effects of increased
risk for several folds. The combination of cocaine and alcohol
in the liver, are known to produce a substance called
cocaethylene, which is known to enhance the euphoric effects of
cocaine, but also increases the risk äkkikuoleman.
Treatment of acute poisoning
Patients with cocaine intoxication May CNS
effects and severe heart failure, leading to protective
reflexes of respiratory tract, cardiovascular death and decay.
The objectives of the neutralization of the toxicity of drugs,
disease and prevent complications.
The direct supervision of mental turmoil, it is very important
to prevent deaths related to peredozirovkoy cocaine.
Benzodiazepines are an important part of treatment and can be
applied to the sedation is a generous decision. Avoid the risk
of psychomotor agitation patients in May because intervene in
heat. Attacks should be treated aggressively, it could increase
hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, hypoxia and acidosis. In some
cases, and neuromuscular blockade may be necessary
Housing Authority packers, and may require further treatment.
The body of the digestive tract packers Pack bags of cocaine.
But sometimes, the package containing the drug or the packaging
of the parts can cause gastro-intestinal obstruction.
All the symptoms of body and body packers added need for
treatment. All imported coal in the stomach to start and
prevents the absorption of cocaine and the court may be
necessary to remove packages.
Ulostuslääkkeiden may be asymptomatic patients with Colonic
irrigation and removal of packages of cocaine. Surgery may also
be disclosed in patients with bowel obstruction.
Some people suffer from the syndrome, Washington cocaine
(cocaine, shock syndrome), is characterized by sudden and
severe mental sluggishness, depression, suicidal thoughts,
anxiety and increase appetite, which lasts until 18 hours after
the final consumption. Cocaine is often self-limited syndrome
of money, but needs support.
After the acute phase has been stabilized, patients may require
therapy to treat complications of cocaine. We strongly
recommend that these people get out of rehabilitation
programs.
Approaches to treatment for drug addiction
Treatment for cocaine addicts is one of a few million years.
Treatment programs are available throughout North America.
Treatment is complex and requires a change in thinking and
changes in the psychological, social, family and environmental
factors
Pharmacological approaches
There are no approved drugs currently available, especially for
treating cocaine addiction. The development of compounds that
are evaluated for safety and efficacy of treating cocaine
dependence include disulfiram, terguride, topiramate and
modafanil. In addition, baclofen, GABA-B-agonist, has shown
promising results in a small number of people, excessive use of
cocaine. The use of antidepressant medications are recommended
during the first phase of abstinence from cocaine is due to
moderate depression, which occur.
Behavioral intervention
Many types of behavioral therapy has been used for treating
cocaine dependence, as well as residential and outpatient
approaches. Behavioral therapy is often the only effective
treatment for cocaine. However, treatment and behavior are more
effective in treating cocaine dependence.
Behavioral therapy has proved to be useful to include
vocational rehabilitation, training, planning and management of
cognitive behavioral therapy. Therapeutic Communities (CT) or a
residential program, the duration of 6-12 months, to provide
another option for those who need the care of cocaine
dependence. TC, to focus on the second in the company, and are
included in the work of the vocational rehabilitation and other
services.
Registration of community prevention programs, such as the
Committee on Counter-Narcotics Anonymous can be useful for some
patients.
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